Gas-engine.



'N0. 870,559. PATENTED NOV. l2, 1907.`

J. J. HUGANl GAS ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 16.1906..

8 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No. 870,559. lPATENTED NOV. l2, 1907.

J. J. HOGAN.

GAS ENGINE.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY 16.1906.

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J.l J.,HOGAN. GAS ENGINE.

APPLIoATIoN FILED un 16.1906.

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J. J. HOGAN. GAS ENGINE,

.APPLICATION FILED MAY 16.1906.

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No. 870,559 I PATENTED NGV. 12, 1907.

.T. J. HOGAN.

GAS ENGINE.

` ArPLIoATIoN FILED HAY 16.1906.

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. APPLIGATION FILED nu 16.1906.

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PATENTBD Nov. 12, 1907. J. r.v HOGAN. GAS ENGINE.

APPLIOATION FILED HAY 16.1906.v

a anBnrs-.gulf8- parts, to wit, the cylinder, piston and crank, are allv JOHN J. HOGAN, OF WEST HAVEN, CONNECTICUT.

GAS-ENGIN E Specication of Lettersilatent.

Patented Nov. 12, 1907.

Application tiled May 16, 1906. Serial No. 317,192.

[o all whom -t may concern:

Be it known that I, JQHN I. HOGAN. a citizen of the United States, residing at West Haven, New Haven county, Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Glas-Engines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines.

The ob'ject of the invention is to provide a simple, inexpensive and effective construction. The main contained within the fly wheel. lWhile there is a relative reciprocation between the piston and the ends of the cylinder, nevertheless the operation of the engine is such that shock lis absorbed and vibration reduced to a minimum. The crank shaft is stationary, while the cylinder rotates about its axis. In the particular form shown, the engine operates after the manner ol' a two-cycle engine. By this construction, and because ofthe perfection of balance, I am enabled to obtain a wide range of tlexil'iility.l Other advantages will be apparent to the mechanic skilled in the art, from the follon ing description.

ln the accompanying drawing, Figure l is a side elevation of my engine. Fig. 2 is an end view thereof looking from right to left. Fig. 2 is a similar view,.

certain parts being removed. Fig. 3 isa section on the plaire of the line SW3 of Fig. 2, some of the parts being omitted. F 4 is a section on the plane of the line 4*-'4 Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 5 is a similar view, the parts being shown in a different position from that indicated in Fig. 4. Fig.'-

(5 is a s'ectidn on the plane of the line 4-4 Fig. 1, looking in a direction opposite to that of the arrows, cert'ain parts being shown in a different position from that indicated in Fig. 5, Figi 7 is an end view of an inner en'd of a detail of construction. Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the same detail. Fig. 9 is an end elevation of an annular contact device used in the spark circuit. Fig. l() is a relatively enlarged detached view of the contact shoe adapted for use with the contact device shown in Fig. S). Fig. 1l is a view of the annular contact proper, detached. Fig. 12 is a longitudinal Section ofthe piston shown in Fig. 4, taken on a horizontal pl-.tnef Fig. is a side elevation ol the piston. Fig. I4 is a delhi-hable portieri of the cylinder. Fig. l5 is a diagrannnatic view of a circuit. l represents a base or frame of any suitable construction, upon which the engine parts are mounted.

2 is the fly Wheel. 3 is the cylinder within the fly wheel. This cylinder may be provided ith suitable heat radiating flanges Il.

2"-3" are removable cylinder heads in the fly wheel flange.

The cylinder 3 extends diametrically across and within the fly wheel 2, so as to form in effect a spoke or support for the ily wheel rim or flange. Each hub of the ly wheel is a lateral extension from' the center of the cylinder' 3 and said hubs are 'indicated at 4-42. The hubs are supported by means of a fixed crank shaft 5,- which latter is in turn mounted on the base or frame 1. In the specific form shown in the drawings, the hubs are mounted directly upon two sleevelike extensions (tof the gas admission and exhaust heads hereinafter described. These sleeves may be formed of a suitable metal so that in effect they will act as anti-friction bushings for the hubs 4.

5 is the crank pin of a crankshaft 5.

7 is the piston, suitably fitted to the cylinder 3 and having approximately midway in its length a transverse guide or way extending at right anglrs to the path of travel of the piston in the cylinder.

S is an anti-friction box iitted to the crank pin 5u and likewise to the transverse guide-way in the piston. As shown in Figs. 3, 4 and G, this guide-way is formed by a web 9 extending longitudinally and vertically in the piston. The width of this web is proper to afford clearance between the cranks on each side of the crank pin 5. The wallsof the cylinder are internally recessed on opposite sides to afford clearance for the box 8 whenthe cylinder revolves (Figs. 3 and 4). These recesses may not be provided if the stroke is shorter.

10 is a. gear suitably connected to one, side of th cylin`der3 or to one oi its hubs.

1l is a gear in mesh with the gear 10, and in turn mounted on the driven shaft 12.

In order to assemble the engine, and since the crank is Within the piston and-oi course u ithin the cylinder, I provide a side space in the piston, indicated at 7n. This space extends transversely of the piston and is o sulicient size to admit of the introduction of the crank. In the adjacent side of the cylinder, there is a removable block 3d, which may be secured in place in any desired manner. This block may form a part of the hub 4, as well Aas a part oi' the cylinder,`and when removed it affords an opening to permit the crank to be 4passed through the wall oi the cylinder. In the opposite sides of the piston 7 there are longitudinal recesses, indicated at 7l Figs. 12 and 13. These recesses are to afford clearance for the crank shaft as the piston moves to and fro.

Withoutdescribing the other details of construction,- .it will be seen, up to this point, that as the y wheel revolves, it will travel around the axisl of the fixed shaft 5. The piston 7 (through its 'connection with the stationary crank pin 5) willbe caused to move to and fro in said cylinder. It follows that if-poner is generthe ily wheel to revolve; andfit' turn, "through-suitable connections with the driven' shaft 1'2, will. cause the latter torevolve. It is'mypurpose, therefore, to provide effective means for introducinginto one end ,5 ofthe cylinder, which I will trm the pumping end a suitable gas, t'ranserring'it 'roxii this end of the cyl- -ind'rto the Vopposite end, which I will term the discharge end and there compressing and igniting it to. cause it to expand and impart force .againstthat end 1Q ot the pistn.4 From the :foregoing it will be seen that the piston travels an equal distance on each side oithe center, and that the l necessity f or and unnecessary weight of a connecting'irod is'eliminated. Because 'o f this'fact, vibration is substantially reduced'. While it is true. that the piston has arelative .reciprocating movement in the cylinder, little or no shock occurs on each return ofthe ,'piston,V since when the lpiston reaches l$118 end oiit'sstroke-it is traveling'in a curved path..

I will now'proc'eed to` describe the m'eans for admit- -"tinggas'into the cylinder. j .1 l v`1l4"":. tlj 1e'gas supply pipe 15 is the exhaust pipe. These pipes are provided with annular heads 1415 whihbear-'again'stthe endsof the hubsA-f-i respectively end tekefup ,lateral motion. A-Th'eends oi the 2 5 hubs are provided respectively. witli-'portsi' the 1 admission para in ons or thse hubs beingdddicdtsd by the numeral. 4 (see "Fig, 2). lhe hub 4 on the op-v j posits side of the. engineis. provided .wiur s similar port 4" for .the exhaust "(s'ee Gas admitted '80'4 through' the pipe Mentors the' portal and'goes thence 'through s, p, the external wsu of whieh is indi: cated a't l', (Fig, 2*) and-'enters the receiving or pumping' end of the cylinder through ports 16". occurs whonthepiston is in the position indicated in Fig. 6. As the. ily wheel is revolved, the 'piston necessarily moves in' the cylinder in a direction to lcut oft said -portl 16, 'The gas is then compressed 'in said receiving enti of the cylinder'. its the piston continues to move toward the cylinder head?, rit fm'a'lly reaches the po- "4o sinon indicated is rig. -5, in whihpodtion the piston uncovers vthe 11, which" opens into the discharge end of'the cylinder.. The .compressed gas in the receiving end oithecyli'nd'er is' then'ir'eetq flow; .through th'e .transfer passage 17".-into"tl1e .discharge.end of'said- 18 is a baille plate on the head oi'th'e piston on 'the combustion chamber side.` Any inert gases contained in this' 'end ofthe cylinder-'at this. time will b'e expelled by the inowing gas, the burned gas taking a course outwardly through exhaust port '19, passage 1Q,

and the port 4 in the hub 4, and thence -out through the exhaust pipe head 15" and' exhaust pipe 15.,- As the 'ily whe'el continuesto revolve, the piston WilLm'ove in s direction to conil'n'ess the live gas contained within .Atthe proper time,when the gas is under the desired comnression', it be' igiii'ted byrneans' of a spar-ker 2Q'. 'Qlhe ther'wenpori expands and forces the piston",

ih an v,QpIiOsite'fdirection. This ignition occurs when thefistoi stands', at, or about', the position indicated 'in 6. The .time of the spark may'be chng'd `..f rom`ear1yv to late,v or vice versa,` byfthe means herein- .'afterdescribed.

Lubrication is effected as follow's., Lubricnnt is supstrasse plied through pipe 2'1,` Fig. 3. It then enters a passage in Jthe shaft 5, and' takesfa'courseshown by dotted lines direct to thecrank pin-5', thence downward and outloiled. Itwill'also be seen that surplus oil will work out .through the' hubs and between said hubs and anti-V 'riction sleeves 66, so' that thesee'nd bearings, as well as the others, may be supplied with oil from this single source.

'Referring to the diagrammatic viiw, Fig. 15, the

ignition will be seen to occur as follows: 22 is a battcry for supplying the .necessary current to a primary circuit having t'he Winding' 23 of an induction coil. 24 .is a shiftingringLor timer, carrying a brush 25. This brush. rests aninsulated ring 26 carried by the driven shaft 12 of the engine. 27 is apin or' Contact which is in electrical' engagement with the shaft '12.-

This` pin projects through the insulated ring 26, or to its surface, so as to b e engaged bythe brush 25 as the Vshaft rotates. The shaft 12 and battery 22 are connect- 'ed through the frame oi the'machine indicated by ground 28. 29 is the secondary winding ofthe'induction coil, and the same is grounded -at one' end and at the other connected to the stationary Contact` ring v30. carried by thc framc'oi the cngine'concentric with the crank shaft 5.' 3l is a spring-pressed Contact shoe carried by the rotating cylinder but insulated therei'rom' by the insulating block 32. This shoe-is electrically connected 'with one terminal oi the sparkcr 20 by the conductor 33 (Fig. 4). The other terminal 0i the sparkerjs grounded through t'he engine. The induction coil (as is customary in 'such constructions) is provided with a. suitable vibrator 34. A curr-ont is linduced in the secondary and causes a spark to'occur 'in the engine cylinder whenever the primary circuit is completed through contact of the pin 27 with the ,loo

brush 25.4 The shaft 12 bc'ing geared to rotate at the' same speed'as the cylinden' it will' 'be noted that the primary circuit is cbmpletd between t'he b'r'ush 25 and the pin 27, asjust described, oncein every tfwo strokes of the piston. The t'incoi the v sp'ark depends upon the angular adjustment of'the 'timer-24," which 'may be bythe frame of thc'eng'ine. "Suitablemeans'may be ,carried bythe'tirn'er fof frictioriall'y engaging this` adjusted positions.

ends of'th'e sleeves rcspectively, to the bracket 37.

' By relieving-the clamping ot the saddlf's'blot-ks,

-end lateral motion'oi hubs tney be. taknnp by 'ratchet wheel so as t'o hold the infamy one oi its'. 55 thespaee between the 'piston yand cylinder-head 3",

' In the matter of adjustment; in theparticular formik '-oi the invention shown -in ;the drawings, Figs'. .1 and 3,.

a' ijustil1g the slet-res -G-G endwise. This may he easily and quickly effected. 39 is a bearing for the driven shaft 12 and this may have suitable sliding connections upon the pillars of thefxame 1. so that it may be adjusted vertically to effect the properv mesh between the. gears 10-11, or, so that by removing the same a new gear may be quickly and easily substituted.

It will he seen that the piston divides the cylinder into two compartments, to wit, a gas receiving coinpartment and a (.-omhnstion chamber or power space. The-piston acts to control all gas passages hy opening ot" sh'utting the ports thereof. When the piston moves awa-y from the cylinder hea-d 3, it first. closes theports 1--19. As it continues to move, it tends to exhaust the air in that end of the cylinder until whenthe ports 1G are uncovered a fresh charge of gas is forced in from the atmospheric pressure without. When the piston moves hack and away from the end 3" of the cylinder, it first closes tlufse ports 16, so that gas contained within this receiving end of the cylinder .will he compressed until the opposite end of the piston clears the ports 17-19, whereupon this compressed gas in the receiving end of the cylinder is .free to flow through the conununicating'passage 17 into the combustion chamber to heignited and horned when said gas contained therein shall have heen compressed hy the pistou as it again moves toward the head 3". 'lhis action is rc simple and effective.

What is claimed is:

l.. lu combination. a ily wheel. n cylinder extending diametrically across and within said ily wheel, n piston.in .stildcyjlinden a fixed erank shaft piercing the walls of said cylinder and said piston. n connection between the crank portion of said shaft and said piston, one end of said cylinder performing the function of the pump and means for supplying.' gas to the pump end of 'd cylinder, transferrim: it to the other end and there i-rgnitim,r the same to cause the cylihder. piston and tty wheel to rotate bodily around said fixed crank shaft.

ln combination. a fixed crank shaft. a cylinder, hubs o n said cylinder, said hubs beim.: supported by said crank shaft. the crank portion of said shaft beingbetween said hubs and within the cylinder, a pistonl within the cylinder surrounding the crank portion of said shaft. a connection lwtu'een said crank shaft and said piston, clearance spaces ln said piston for said crank and crank shaft, and a tty wheel flange carried 'by said eylntler one end of said'eylinder performing the function of a pnlnp.

3. ln combination. n ily wheel. a cylinder extending diametrieally thereof and revolnble therewith, one end of sald cylinder performing the, fum-tion of a pump. a piston within said r \linder'and extending across the. middle portion of the salue. hubs. ou the middle. portion of said cylinder and on opposite sidesthereof, :t stationary crank shaft. piercing said hubs. a :zas-inlet. port in one. of said hubs leading.: to the pump end of saideylinder, a :as trans- Lze leaditu.' from .said end ol' id cylinder to the other end thereof. and an e.\'haust.| .ne lending: from 'd eyliuder to the. other luth. n :as inlet .'t the luth haring.: the gas inlet. p ot't. andan exhaust head bearing' against the huh having the exhaust' port -therein.

-l. ln combination. a stationary shaft. a cylinder having; hulls midway in its length and on opposite sides thereof, said eyliuder hein: supported by'said shaft. a piston in crank on said shaft. said crank being arranged\\'thin said cylinder and pistotnua :as udmisstoup: ige leading froorone of said luder-lutins to the pump end of said cylinder. al commu- -a|ing or :.'as4 transfer pass: 'e Ieadingfroiu thi. end of said cylinder to the. other .-ntl I-l' said cylinder. ...9" f

haust passage leading from the last nunicd .ud of said cylinder to an exhaust port inthe other cylinder hub.

ln combination, a stationary crank shaft. a cylinder reroluhLr,supported thereby on opposite sides of the crank portion thereof. a fly wheel flange carried hy said cylinder. a piston withnsnid cylinder and extending across the center line of said crank shaft. thecyllnder at one end of said piston performing.' the function-of a pump. means for cansing.r said piston to travel an equal distance on each side of said center line. a connection between the` crank portion ot suid shaft and said piston. and means for supplyingr gas to the pump end of the cylinder and transferring said gus to the opposinend of said cylinder. and nit-:ins for igniting the ,cas at the desired time. andvdiseharging the burned gases therefrom.

In combination, a stationary crank shaft. at cylinder supported thereby and rotatable about the axis thereof. n. huh on each side of snid cylinder, a piston separating und spscinc the tn'o ends of said cylinder, one end of said cyl luder performing the fonction of a pump. an inlet gus passage leadingr through one of said hubs to the pump end of the cylinder. aid passage being: open when the piston is near the opposite end of the cylinder, a gas transfer pas;- sagee leading from the pump end ofthe cylinder to.the opposinend. said passage being open when the piston is near the pump end of said cylinder, and an exhaust passagiglending from the power end of said cylinder outwardly through the other huh. said exhaust passage being open simultaneously with said transfer passngc.and a conn'ection between said, piston and said' crank shaft, and means for ignltingi the gas at thc proper time ln that en of said cylinder opposite to the pump end.

T. ln combination. a stationary crank shaft, acrank tixed on said shaft. a single'plston directly connected to the crunk portion of said shaft. u cylinder surrounding: said piston. and acting at one end ns a pump, hubs on sold cylinders and passages through said hubs, one of said passages leading to the pump end of the cylinder for the admission of gas. the other passage leading from the other end of said cylinder to the other hub for exhausting burned gas, a :as transfer passage independent of the tirsttwo passages. leading from the space at: one end of the cylinder to the space nt the other end of the cylinder, the opening and closing,r of all of said passages being controllable b said piston.

s. In combination. n stationary crank shaft. a cylinder rotatably supported thereby, one end of said cylln'der acting as a pump. a portion of'one side of said cylinder being removable to permit of the introduction into said cylinder of the crank portion of said crank shaft, a piston within said cylinder, an opening inthe side of said piston to permit said crank shaft to hc'insertediptothe-samc, and longitudinal openingsin opposite sides of tho piston to atford clearance for the opposlt ends of the shaft adjacent to the crank. admission. transfer. and. exhaust passages, all controlled hy said pistou.

a. In combination, a pistoma central web therein, a. transverse guide-way formed in Suid weh, a. fixed crank shaft projecting through said piston, the crank pin of said crank shaft operating in said way when the engine is ln motion, n cylinder surrounding said piston and. crank, one end of said cylihder acting 'as a pump, un admission' passage leading: thereto. and a discharge passage leading Afrom the other end of said'cyllndcr, said cylinder being ro tntably mounted on snld shaft.

lll. In combination, a. piston, a transverse guide-way formed in said piston, a fixed crank shaft projecting through said piston, the crank pin of said' crank shaft operating: in said way when the engine ls ln motlon, a`

cylinder revolubly mounted transversely of its axis, said piston serving to pump :as through one-end-of said 'cylinder to the other end when said engine is in motion.

l1. In combination. a stationary crank shaft, o. cylinder havitu,r central hubs' on opposite sides transversely to'lts n xis and supported by said shaft', a piston withlnsald'y wheel and operatively connccted with the crank portion of saidvshaft. said piston-dividing said cylinder' into'two compartments, one a cas-receiving: compartment' or: pump chamber, the other a gas burning compartment' orA comhnstion chamber, means for =ul|nittiug;gns into thepomp www mmavn chamber when the cylinder is at one angle relatively to the shaft, means for transferring the'gas contained in' said pump chamber to the combustion chamber when the cylinder is at another' angle relatively to the s'haft,.and -means for igniting the-gas contained within thex combustion chamber whenthe cylinder' stands at or about the `rst mentioned angle. .V

12. In combination, a ily-wheel, a cylinder extending leading to the pmp end of said cylinder, a transfer passage leading from the pump end ofsaid cylinder to the discharge end thereof, and an exhaust passage leading from the discharge end of said cylinder. .A

13. In combination, a iiy-wlieei, a cylinder extending diametrically across the same' and revolub'ie therewith, a

piston within said cylinder and extending across the middie portion of `.the same and dividing said cylinder to form a'pump chamber at one end and a discharge chamber at.

the opposite end, hubs on the middle portion of said cylinlder-and on opposite sides thereof, a stationary crank shaft supporting said hubs, an operative connection -between thel crank portion of said shaft and said piston to permit the-piston to reciprocate relatively to the cylinder as the latter isi-evolved, an inlet leading to the pump end o! said cylinder,. a transfer passage leading from the tively. i

pump end of said cylinder to the discharge end thereof,.

die portion of the same and dividing said cylinder to form a pump chamber at one end and a discharge chamber at the opposite end, hubs on the middle portion o1.'- said cylinder and on opposite sides thereof, a stationary crank shaft supporting said h'ubs, an operative connection between the crank portion ofsa'id shaft and said piston to permit the piston to reciprocate relatively to the cylinder as the latter is revolved, an inlet leading to the pump .end of said cylinder, a transfer passage leading from the pump end of said cylinder to the discharge end thereof, and a discharge passage leading from the latter end of said cylinder, the inlet passage leading through .one hub, .the discharge passage leading through the opposite hub. l

15. In* combination, a piston, a transverse guide-way in said piston, a fixed crank .shaft projecting through said piston, the crank pin of said crank shaft operated in said way'when the engine is in motion, a cylinder revolubly mounted transversely of its axis, a pump chamber, a com- JOHN Li. HOGAN.

- Witnesses:

R. C. MITCHELL,- L.- VnlmLANp. 

